15.20 A brief introduction and application of unbonded low-relaxation prestressing
I. Basic concepts and technical characteristics
Analysis of core parameters
15.20: The nominal diameter of the
Prestressed Steel strand is 15.20mm, usually made of 7 high-strength steel wires, with a cross-sectional area of about 140mm². It is one of the most commonly used large-size steel strands in construction projects.
Unbonded: The surface of the steel strand is coated with special anti-corrosion lubricating grease (dosage ≥50g/m), and wrapped with a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheath to form a "fully enclosed" isolation layer, so that there is no bonding between the steel strand and the concrete, and it can slide freely when subjected to force.
Low relaxation: The super-tensioning process (generally tensioned to 70%~80% of the standard tensile strength) and heat treatment technology are adopted to make the steel strand 1000 hours stress relaxation rate ≤2.5% (the relaxation rate of ordinary steel strand is about 8%) under the conditions of 20℃ and initial stress 70% standard strength, which greatly reduces long-term stress loss.
Material performance advantages
Mechanical properties: tensile strength standard value ≥1860MPa, elongation ≥3.5%, yield strength coefficient 0.93, meeting the high bearing capacity requirements of large-span structures.
Anti-corrosion properties: HDPE sheath has strong weather resistance (anti-ultraviolet aging, acid and alkali resistance), and the grease layer has both lubrication and anti-rust functions, with a service life of more than 50 years.
2. Typical application scenarios and engineering cases
Application fields Technical advantages Examples
Large-span civil buildings Reduce the weight and thickness of the floor slab (e.g. 15.20 steel strands are used for 8~12m span beamless floor slabs, and the slab thickness can be reduced to 200~250mm) The underground garage of a commercial complex in Beijing uses unbonded prestressed floor slabs with a single span of 10.8m, saving 15% of concrete
Bridge engineering The external cable construction is convenient and easy to maintain later; the internal cable reduces the pipeline grouting process The external prestressed strands of a certain city viaduct use 15.20 unbonded steel strands, and the single-beam tension force reaches 2500kN, shortening the construction period by 30 days
Geotechnical anchoring engineering Adapt to complex geological conditions, small stress loss, and long-lasting and stable anchoring force A slope support project uses 15.20 unbonded anchor cables with a length of 30m and a designed anchoring force of 1500kN. Monitoring data shows 1 After the year, the stress decay is less than 3%.
Special structures are used for structures with extremely high durability requirements such as liquid storage tanks and nuclear power plant containment. The circumferential prestressing system of a certain LNG storage tank adopts 15.20 unbonded steel strands to resist the internal pressure load while avoiding the risk of leakage caused by concrete cracks.
III. Key points and specification requirements of construction
Laying and tensioning
During laying, it is necessary to position according to the design curve (deviation ≤10mm/m), and the spacing between fixed points is ≤600mm to avoid damage to the sheath.
The tensioning sequence follows the principle of "symmetry and batching". The tensioning control stress σcon=0.75~0.80fptk (fptk is the standard value of tensile strength), and the load is held for 5 minutes to eliminate elastic compression loss.
Node processing
A hole mold or groove needs to be set at the anchor end. After tensioning, the excess steel strands are cut off (the length is ≥30mm), and sealed with anchor concrete (strength ≥C30) to prevent rainwater from seeping in.
Standards based on
Chinese standards: "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" (GB 50010), "Technical Code for Unbonded Prestressed Concrete Structures" (JGJ 92).
IV. Comparison with traditional prestressing technology
Comparison dimension 15.20 Unbonded low-relaxation prestress Bonded prestress (such as pre-buried corrugated pipe)
Construction efficiency No need for grouting, fewer processes, and 40%~60% shorter construction period Pre-buried pipes, bundles, and grouting are required, and the process is complicated
Stress loss Low relaxation characteristics make the 10-year loss rate ≤5% Relaxation, friction, and anchoring losses total about 15%~20%
Maintenance cost Fully enclosed anti-corrosion, no need for maintenance in the later period Undense grouting can easily lead to rust of steel strands, making maintenance difficult
Applicable scenarios Structures with large spans, high durability, and difficult maintenance in the later period Structures with small and medium spans and conventional durability requirements
V. Development trends and innovative applications
Intelligent monitoring integration: Some projects pre-buried optical fiber sensors in HDPE sheaths to monitor stress changes and sheath integrity in real time, and realize digital operation and maintenance of prestressed structures.
Green building material upgrade: New bio-based lubricants and degradable sheath materials are being developed to reduce environmental impact and adapt to green building standards.